Saturday, July 30, 2016

# 8 F- Summary - 2 Weeks on the Blue Ridge Parkway (10 July - 23 July)

Hello, All,

The Blue Ridge Parkway was a wonderful experience. I have a hunch it will be my favorite section of the entire journey. For one thing, the driving was less stressful for both of us because the speed limit was only 45 mph, with plenty of Pull-outs where we could let folks pass us by. And other drivers were warned to expect slower traffic, including bicycles. The total lack of big-rig 18-wheelers and timber trucks would be reason enough to make it a firm favorite.

And, of course, it IS spectacularly beautiful. We went from one viewpoint to the next, and you know I was taking pictures at almost every one. I was intent on capturing the "layers" of blues and grays receding into the distance. It was not as easy as I thought.
 If you look VERY closely, you might be able to spot the tiny little white speck in the middle of the Parkway below that is Marvin and the ELF.

 The Parkway guide published a table documenting the rise in elevation in each section as we went along. Marvin studied it diligently to predict how difficult each day's ride might be.  I preferred the pictorial representations like those below. Take note of the descent from Craggy Gardens and the High Point; that's a roller coaster ride for sure.  Whee!  The ELF hit 40 mph before Marv's good judgement kicked in, and he started using the brakes.

 The sign for the Spiral Curve is an accurate representation of the curve that grows tighter as you go around. Fun! The tunnels, too, added to the general excitement. Some were long and curved, so that there is no "light at the end of the tunnel" until you have progressed quite some distance into them.


We have a solid respect for the many cyclists we saw traversing the Parkway under their own power. We spoke with one young man who was celebrating having climbed "the last big hill" before the end of his journey. I think the primary difference between his and Marvin's challenges lies in the single word, "young". He was probably 50 years younger....  I say, "Viva! le batteries!"


Visitor Centers were great places for people watching. There were plenty of opportunities to capture photos of the unusual.  There were lots of motorcycles ---including this spectacular hand-made "Woodie" trike. Incredible workmanship; he had to show off his built-in storage drawers, with neatly dove-tailed joints. It was powered by a Chevy Corvair engine. Lots of people with dogs, reminding us of the many years our dear, old Cappy was an important part of our travels. He is missed! Lots of bicycles, too, with most "serious" cyclists traveling singly or in pairs. This one family lived nearby but came to the Parkway on weekends to bicycle as a family, sharing quality time with their two young daughters. In one of those "small world" experiences that sometimes happen when traveling, we met this same family the weekend following at the Orchard, where they had come for the clogging and hayride activities.  Of course, they recognized Marvin and the ELF and struck up the conversation.

Never without my camera, I felt I had to record everything I saw.  I snapped exhibit signs to help keep me accurate when I began writing about the details.  The wildlife was pretty scarce--- probably too much human wild life! But I had some nice shots of  a mother turkey with 6 young ones, and glimpses of deer, and fox and one young black bear. I focused on people, too, both our fellow tourists and campers, and performers at special events. And, as always, I found myself zeroing in on  flowers. The two weeks on the Parkway produced slightly more than a thousand photos to be sorted through! That's the problem with doing summaries rather than a daily posting.



We stayed one or more nights at each campground along the Parkway. The distance between Mt Pisgah CG and Cherokee was 70 miles, with significant elevation gains. That was a bit ambitious for one day. We chose to "sneak" an overnight at a "hidden" viewpoint. We were quite prepared to plead our case with anyone official questioning us for stopping: It was getting late; it was dusk; he was too tired to pedal any further, etc., etc. Besides, two different Rangers had told us that stopping overnight was what they would do in our circumstances... As it happened, no one at all cared that we were there. A group of about a dozen youth, from a summer camp named SOAR, just down the road a piece, came to play ball and frisbee in the open space for an hour or so before dark. One of their number, a boy about 14 at most,  separated from the rest and settled down on the grass and began to practice his violin. He explained that he had a good chance to become first chair in the orchestra if he kept up with his practicing through the summer. I took him choc chip cookies to thank him for the nice dinner music. 


One of the first special events was the Sunday Afternoon Musical on the Grass, at Mabry Mill. We toured the mill, with its demonstrations and exhibits, then happily joined the other tourists, sitting in the shade, enjoying the trio of volunteers who were "jamming" a fine toe-taping mix of mountain music, gospel and "old-timey" tunes.

A stop at the Blue Ridge Music Center the next day was only slightly more formal, where two friends who had played together for years entertained in a cool, shaded breezeway between the Visitor Center buildings. They played all afternoon, so we were able to listen a bit, then go back inside to absorb a bit more of the information presented in the exhibits.


Along with the music came dancing. One of our rendezvous points was the Museum of NC Minerals. I struck up a conversation with the young woman who was telling me details about the weekend Bar-B-Que and Bluegrass Festival. When Marvin arrived, she was totally entranced with the ELF. She and her husband were motorcyclists, and she teased Marvin about taking the ELF over the notorious "Tail of the Dragon" and a few other biker thrill rides toward the end of the Parkway. When I asked about seeing some clogging, she directed us to the Orchard, a few miles back down the road.  Not only that, but she volunteered to put our battery on to charge while we were enjoying the high energy performance of the Cold Mountain Cloggers, an award winning group. I loved the whole afternoon; I even got to join in on one number when the audience was invited to participate.
At Linville Falls CG, we stayed over a second night in order to do the hike to view the waterfalls. Even though the hike was neither very long nor very difficult, it was still a physical exercise, but at least it was a change of pace from pedaling. The premiere view of the Falls was from across the Gorge, but there were other viewpoints as well, on several different levels, making the water views readily accessible to the crowds who came to enjoy this justifiably popular waterfall.  There were stairs and handrails where they were needed. The primary activity seemed to be taking "selfies" and group pix with the waterfall in the background; everyone was good-natured about waiting their turn, and we heard conversations in French and Spanish as we waited.
No matter where I am, I am always drawn to photograph flowers.  And there were plenty to choose from. First impression was the abundance of mountain laurel, all along the Parkway. The pink, going to white reminded me of apple blossoms. And, then there were the Turk's Cap lilies. They were brilliant splashes of orange that commanded attention as we drove by, and up close, rewarded me with classic shape as well as color.  My floral assortment included the common dark red monarda  ("Bee Balm") and an unusual group of purple and lavender ones. The Ranger at the Visitor Center where I snapped those said they were red and white the first year they were planted, but came back the next year as purple and lilac; she wondered why--- I did, too. Yellow jewel weed, and the curious, and rare Indian pipes completed this particular album page of flowers. 


 The Blue Ridge Parkway extends 465 miles along the crests of the southern Appalachians. We drove 300 of those miles, and came away feeling appreciation and gratitude that the land was set aside as a National Park for the enjoyment of all of us for all time.



Friday, July 29, 2016

Marvin #2F - ELF Observations at Halfway Point

7/29/2016:
We crossed the Tennessee River yesterday, and are nearly halfway home. I've now logged about 800 miles on the bike, and feel I'm getting to know it fairly well.

We followed designated cycle routes with our van as we drove from Mena to Williamsburg, VA, and concluded that this wasn't the best route home for us. That route is over 2,000 miles, which is about double the shortest distance. It's a scenic route over rural roads and lanes, and would be pleasant riding for cyclists not in a hurry. Cars can pass bikes, even trikes like the ELF, fairly easily at low speeds. But it's not so good for a big van traveling at cycling speeds, because vehicular traffic stacks up behind the van, and there are few places to pass. In fact, some lanes are so narrow that large vehicles have to look for a wide place to ease past. And the traffic was heavier, and faster, than we expected. These roads are used by locals who know the roads and drive faster than we might consider safe.

The shortest route home would be mostly on interstates where bikes aren't allowed. I wouldn't choose to ride on them even if it were allowed.

But there are many other roads, mostly state highways, which are wider and straighter than county roads, and which go more nearly in our desired direction. By selecting roads that avoid cities, and riding very early in the morning, we can avoid the heaviest traffic.

There are also some "parkways" where commercial trucks are prohibited, speed limits are low (often 45 mph) and where motorists are warned to be aware of slow RV's and cyclists. These are my favorite roads (also Ann's), and we have incorporated several of them into our route home. I think the resulting route home will be about 1600 miles.

The logistics for coordinating a cyclist and SAG wagon (our van) are more complicated than for either one traveling alone. Should the van plug along behind the cycle, providing protection from overtaking vehicles? Should the van go on ahead and wait at the next rendezvous point, making it easier for vehicles to pass the bike? Or should the van give the bike a big head start, and try to time its arrival at the next point to coincide with the bike?

We've tried all 3 techniques. The biggest problem with traveling separately is communication. We (especially Ann) expected to use our cell phones to keep in touch. But our AT&T cell coverage has been sporadic at best, and we both suffer separation anxiety when our partner doesn't appear at the rendezvous when expected.

On multi-lane roads Ann can poke along behind me, with her hazard lights going, and traffic can switch lanes to pass us. On 2 lane roads, especially with few passing opportunities, it's best if Ann and I separate, and she drives at a more normal speed. Then we keep more frequent rendezvous, to re-assure ourselves that we are both OK. And we have "plan B" in case we miss each other.

One advantage of traveling in company with our van is the ability to charge the ELF's batteries as we go along. I usually start each day with both batteries charged. At our first rendezvous I switch batteries and use the van's inverter to start recharging the partly discharged battery as Ann drives to the next rendezvous. It takes 4+ hours ro recharge a fully discharged battery, but we usually change it long before that, so recharging can begin sooner and take less time. If I'm using the booster conservatively, Ann can just about recharge them as fast as I use them. We try to overnight at places with electricity. If that isn't possible, we use the inverter to top off the batteries for the next day.

It's very difficult to predict the rate of battery usage. Each of the ELF's 2 batteries has a nominal capacity of 15 amp.hours.  On typical roads with about equal uphill and downhill, I use about one amp.hour to go 3 miles, if I pedal all the time and gear down when climbing hills, using only enough booster power to maintain 7-10 mph, and pedals only (with a light touch of booster as needed) to maintain 10-15 mph on level or slight downhill stretches. This gives the ELF a range of about 40 miles per battery. If I try to maintain an average speed of 15-20 mph by using the booster more aggresively, the battery range may be cut in half. On the other hand, on one long mostly downhill run of 38 miles, I used only one anp.hour for the entire run, and the solar panel recharged the battery before we started the next run. By the way, the ELF hit speeds of up to 40 mph while coasting, which is a bit scary with the quick steering and short wheelbase. At over 25 mph I can't keep up with the pedals, even in high gear. The disc brakes on all 3 wheels work well.

The ELF has had no mechanical problems so far. My only maintenance has been oiling the 2 drive chains. A few rattles and squeaks have developed, but I haven't been able to pin point their locations yet. The speedometer/odometer quit working on the 2nd day of the trip, but that was my fault. There are only 2 buttons on the meter, one for resetting the trip milage, and one for setting up the functions. I pushed the wrong button, and couldn't figure out how to undo my mistake. I used our Garmin GPS to read speed until a day or two ago, when a helpful computer "guru" fiddled with the cycle meter and got it to read speed and distance again.

I'm really pleased with my ELF, and expect to use it to help keep myself fit for the foreseeable future.
Marvin
************************************




Monday, July 18, 2016

Marvin #1: OBSERVATIONS AFTER ALMOST 500 MILES

from Marvin #1 : OBSERVATIONS AFTER ALMOST 500 MILES

1. I bought the ELF primarily to help me keep fit. So I pedal constantly when on the road, except when coasting downhill.

2. Pedaling up hills, even slight inclines, is very hard work, even in lower gears, and I welcome the boost from the 750 watt motor.

3. I believe a comfortable speed under pedals only, on a smooth level surface, without the electric booster, is 10-12 miles per hour. But I'm not sure, because few roads I've encountered so far have been level, and a very small change in incline makes a tremendous difference in pedaling effort required.

4. On very steep hills, the lowest gear isn't low enough for pedals alone; I add enough boost to maintain 6-8 mph. Full boost drains the battery rapidly, so I use only enough to keep pedaling at a reasonable speed.

5. On downhill runs the ELF quickly builds speed. At 20 mph I can't pedal much faster, so I start coasting. The ELF often coasts at 25-30 mph, and occasionaly reaches 40 mph, which seems safe only on smooth straight stretches. The rather short wheel base plus very quick steering require careful attention. With no springs, hitting pot holes at high speeds could break something.

6. My longest daily run so far has been 78 miles, with a pedaling time of about 5.5 hours. We would have stopped sooner, but our planned campground didn't officially permit camping, so we continued on to a motel in the next town.

7. We're not trying to set speed or endurance records. I make stops at 1-2 hour intervals, and we usually stop for several hours at mid-day, to rest, have lunch, and enjoy whatever attractions are available, while the ELF sits in the sun charging its battery.

8. Battery endurance depends on several variables. Of course the more I pedal, the longer a battery lasts. On smooth level roads a small amount of boost will add several mph to my speed with a small amp drain. Under moderate hilly conditions I can maintain a speed of 15-20 mph for 30 miles or more on one 15 ah battery. But steep hills drain the battery in a hurry! The ELF used most of a fully charged battery to climb about 2,000 ft. to Rocky Knob on the Blue Ridge Parkway from Deer Park Campground at the bottom of the ridge, a distance of about 15 miles.

9. Charging the ELF's 2 batteries has been a challenge. The solar panel on the roof charges at only 1-2 amps in bright sunlight, and takes more than a day (even with good sun) to fully charge one of the 15 ah batteries. It certainly helps, but we rely heavily on the A/C charger, which can fully charge a dead battery in about 4 hours. Unfortunately, none of the campgrounds on the Blue Ridge Parkway has electrical outlets available for campers. We found a commercial RV park with electric hookups at Fancy Gap, only a short distance from the parkway. But for the most part we have been charging one battery with the van's inverter while I use the other one in the ELF, which requires extra running time on the van's engine. That problem should disappear one we leave the Parkway and use state park campgrounds or motels.

Conclusion: I'm still learning how to get the most from my ELF. And I'm (mostly) enjoying the process. And I expect to be more fit when I get home than when I left.

Marvin

Thursday, July 14, 2016

#7F Claremont, VA to the Blue Ridge Parkway


Hello, All,

As planned, Marvin and the ELF headed out on the first leg of our journey home on Tues July 5th. I was to set out about an hour behind him.  Unfortunately, we missed one another at our first planned rendezvous at Stony Creek. He was on Hwy 40 at a Citco station, I was on Bus 40 at a Shell Station. Panic. We tried phones, voice mail, and texts. I got one voice mail, but couldn't understand what he said, as he was hurrying because his battery was dying. I drove to the far side of town, turned around and retraced my way to be sure I hadn't just missed seeing him. It was chance that I spied the marquee for another service station catty-cornered from mine. What a relief to be back together! Is it any wonder that I feel a mid-level "separation anxiety" when we split up?

Instead of retracing our steps along the Trans-America Bicycle Trail as we thought when we left home, we were following Hwy 40 to the Blue Ridge Parkway, balancing more traffic against wider roads and shorter overall distance. We tried several different techniques in the next few days. On Hwy 40, which was 2 lanes and sometimes very busy, I felt good about driving slowly behind him, hazard lights blinking. I liked being the "Rear Guard", and I didn't mind going slow. The traffic bunching up behind us was a worry, though. We were constantly looking for places we could pull off the road to let the traffic by. Leaving one town, I counted that we pulled off 14 times in the 1st 10 miles out of town. Only one motorist was annoyed enough to give us a blast on his horn as he went by; often we get polite little beeps which we interpret as thank you's for clearing the way.

Marvin pointed out that driving together that way, we made a caravan more like a big rig than a bicycle. If it was only him, people could easily see his flag gyrating and his flashing strobe lights, and get around him quickly. Obviously true, but still a threat to my confidence.
So we split up with a specific destination to meet, and the GPS set to help with the navigation.
Marvin had the trusted satellite GPS, but my phone apps for GPS and tracking Marv's location on a map soon proved false comfort. There was only occasional phone service, so I was on my own. Marvin had his own set of problems, too. His GPS couldn't be coaxed into using the secondary or lesser roads. It was hard-wired to take us the fastest or shortest route--- not at all what we desired. Also, it was limited to only one waypoint. He found he could get it to go short stretches from town to town, or sometimes use intersections of highways, to force it to take him on the roads he wanted.

Our second day on the road, he started out ahead of me again. He reached our rendezvous first, and when I arrived, was in the midst of an interview with Billy Coleburn, editor of the Blackstone Courier-Record, who introduced himself to me and added, "And also the mayor of the town". What a hoot! We made the paper in the next issue.

The 3rd day out we were caught in our first real rainstorm. When it reached the point he couldn't see through the windshield, he pulled off in the parking lot of the New 2nd Buffalo Baptist Church and took shelter in the van. The ELF doesn't have windshield wipers!

It wasn't much later that same day that the battery went "click", and flat-out died---on a hill naturally! He hoisted the ELF off the road, and I passed ahead to the first driveway I could find and carried the spare battery down to him. 

From that experience we developed the technique of starting out with both batteries fully charged in the Elf. He would switch to the 2nd one BEFORE the first was completely exhausted and at a point where we could choose to make the switch. When we were next together, the 1st one would be put to charge with the van's inverter while I drove. 

We were traveling without a set itinerary because we had to learn what was reasonable to expect in terms of daily distance and battery power--as well as Marvin's stamina. We stayed a couple of nights in modest, clean, but "cheap" motels where we could take the battery inside to plug in the outlet. Then Twin Lakes SP was a pretty place, with electric sites. It was a nicer atmosphere, but, surprisingly, almost as expensive as the motels. 

The indecision about where to plan our stops, and the inability to phone ahead for information or reservations was a frustrating element. It remains a frustration, as I was counting on using my phone as a WiFi Hotspot to send and receive emails. All manner of challenges to be met!

Deer Run Campground near Ferrum, VA was one of the gems Google found for us. We had gone 30 miles from Gretna to Rocky Mount in the morning, and were looking for something closer than Deer Run, another 30 miles. None of the leads we thought we had,--- even local knowledge from a couple of Wal-Mart employees,--- worked out, so we decided to continue as planned on down Hwy 40 to our original destination. This was the day we used the 1st battery, put it on the charger, exchanged and exhausted the 2nd battery, only to have it die less than 1/4 mile from the campground. The re-charged (3rd) one was needed to finish the job--- just ahead of another hard rain squall.

Deer Run is a private, family-owned and operated campground Tim Payne inherited from his father a few years ago. They were doing everything imaginable to make it the best and most complete in the area. They were making eco-conscious choices with solar cells and L.E.D. lighting.  No phone or internet, but they had a pool, a game room, a laundry, horseshoe pits, playground, volleyball, basketball and soccer, a little store and served breakfasts on weekends.  Tim even used his 4-wheeler to haul the kids in the camp around on his flatbed trailer on a "hay ride". Clearly, they liked people and loved the life and the community where they had moved their family. The economics were tight, but if good sense and determination were any measure, they would make it. We enjoyed the place and the people so much that we decided to take a lay-day and stay a 2nd night. 

We used part of that extra day to take the van and scout the next section of our trip.  It was certainly the most challenging so far. The distance to Tuggles Gap, at the entrance to the Blue Ridge Parkway, was only 12 miles from the camground, but the last 6 miles were up, up, and up. Driving the route in the van was a good idea, as it reassured us there were places where we could get off to change the battery and/or let traffic pass. 

It still was a worry. We both were nervous about it. We knew the battery expended more current on the steeper hills, but didn't know how much.  We made our plans for Marvin to start off with both full batteries, and change to the 2nd just ahead of the steepest part of the climb. I was to start off about an hour behind him and watch for him on the side of the road to pick up the used battery and re-charge it, in case it was needed to finish the climb. 

As is often the case, we wasted more worry and adrenalin than necessary. When I caught up with him, he was virtually at the top, and his 2nd battery had power to spare. 

We had started early to be ahead of most of the traffic, and found that we were at our destination well before 9:00. That was fine with us! We checked into Rocky Knob, our first National Park Service campground as planned, and spent Sunday afternoon at Mabry Mill with a program of Mountain Music on the lawn. Very enjoyable, very civilized---- all part of what we mean when we remind ourselves of the mantra, "It's the Journey". 

More later,

Ann and Marvin
Below:
 w/ Billy Coleburn, editor of Blackstone Courier-Record (and mayor of the town)

 1st serious rainstorm, we pulled off the road at the New 2nd Buffalo Baptist Church to wait it out---the ELF has no windshield wipers!




Below: 
3 scenes just at the entrance to the Blue Ridge Parkway at Tuggles Gap.



 This is the popular hang-out at Tuggles Gap, the top of the most challenging climb to date.  Only 12 miles total, from Deer Run CG, but it was up, up, and up. We used the van to "check it out" the day before and figure out the appropriate place to stop and change to the 2nd fully-charged battery to ensure the ELF would make it all the way to the top.

Tuesday, July 5, 2016

#6F Go West, Young Man!

Hello, All,

After a week of fun, it's time to set off again. We had 3 days of "Cousins' Camp" with 3 grandkids   sharing activities and making memories of fun times together at Grandma's house on the river. Virginia (6) and Mireya (6) and Orlando (3), and a houseful of cats and dogs, plus us, gave us a lively mix. I enjoyed sharing kid videos of Frozen and Tangled (really, as I had only heard about them). Later in the week we had a marathon 3 nights of The Hobbit at my request. 
 
Two other nights were unique. We had a family-only Author's reading by my young cousin, Kevin. Just 21, he has completed a couple of series of novels, and has one manuscript in the hands of two possible agents at the moment. There seems no end to the stories and characters he carries in his head. I'm predicting solid success for him, hopefully in the near future. I know that we enjoyed his current project enough to request a 2nd reading, because we wanted to hear "what happened next."

Marvin spent his time customizing the ELF, adding a mount for the telephone, and installing strobe lights front and back (it already had taillights, brake lights, and turn signals.) And generally, making it more visible on the road. I'm still working on his personal flag declaring: SENIOR PEDAL POWER.

Kay and I had "cousin fun", too; going to the local Farmers' Market and picking up her weekly CSA box of super-fresh produce from Deerhaven Farm. While I was working on reports, etc., Kay was busy canning pickles. She declares she is the pickle Queen; the kids had a pickle tasting party, and I think there were 11 different kinds to sample!

Yesterday we set off on our homeward trek. It will be different from our East-bound trip in many ways. For one thing, Time will warp into "bicycle time", which means s-l-o-w speed, short distances. 

For instance, yesterday he set off at about 6:45 and pedaled about 3 hours (40 miles) to our planned meeting at Stony Creek. We "sheltered" in the van for lunch, and map studies and fiddling with our electronic challenges---2 phones and a tablet, 2 GPS units, and my gold star apps CoPilot, a GPS navigating system and Road ID, which tracks one another's phone and shows the current location on a map---that's really nifty!
We waited until about 2:00 for it to start to cool down, then decided that just moving would be cooler because it would create a breeze. I pulled into the Economy Inn in McKenney at 2:45, and Marv was only about 20 minutes behind me.  YEA! for the battery assist! That was a total of ~60 miles for the day, and one battery was exhausted and the other about 1/3 down. We're still learning what to expect as we encounter different terrain and such. Learning and working out systems and details is certainly the game at present.

More later...Marvin set out about an hour ago and is already 14 miles down the road. Today is a shopping day, and we're going to meet at WalMart in Blackburn. I'd better get on my way.
In the "carport"... how cool is that?!







....with Mireya and Orlando and their dad, Rafael Gomez

Sunday, July 3, 2016

#5F The Traveling Exhibit - CSS Hunley

The Traveling Exhibit of the CSS HUNLEY (Confederate States Ship H.L. HUNLEY) appearance at the Civil War Re-Enactment at Breaks Interstate Park was a second reason for our delaying our journey toward my cousin's home in VA.


A brass plaque proclaims it to be "The H.L.HUNLEY Traveling Exhibit purchased in 2012 from the fabricator John Dangerfield. This exhibit is to be used for educational purposes. Its first event took place in Franklin, Tennessee at the Battle of Tennessee in September 2004."

I'm going to extend the educational outreach by sharing the information with you all. Marvin and I already knew something of the story--- the tragedies, the determination, and the eventual success as the first combat submarine in naval history.

The story of the HUNLEY began in New Orleans when Horace L. Hunley eagerly joined Baxter Watson and James McClintock in their venture to build a stealth weapon that traveled underneath the water's surface.
Construction of their prototype the PIONEER, was completed in early 1862. The small submarine proved to be seaworthy, but was scuttled by the Confederates to avoid capture by the Union forces that were quickly closing in on New Orleans.
The builders of the PIONEER fled to Mobile, Alabama, where they quickly began work on an improved version of their submarine concept: the AMERICAN DIVER. The AMERICAN DIVER made an unsuccessful attempt to attack the Union blockade in Mobile Bay, and later sunk while in tow during a storm in February, 1863. The submarine remains lost at sea.
Taking the lessons learned during test missions of the PIONEER and AMERICAN DIVER, work immediately began to build a new submarine. The third vessel was constructed at Park & Lyon machine shop in downtown Mobile. The new submarine was named H.L. HUNLEY in honor of her benefactor, and was ready for testing by the summer of 1863. After performing a successful test attack demonstration on Mobile Bay the HUNLEY was ready to be put into action.
Now the question became where is this new weapon most needed to help the Confederacy? Within days after the demonstration had taken place, the HUNLEY was loaded aboard two flat cars and sent to
defend Charleston, S.C., home to a critical Southern port city that the Union Navy was blockading.
Shortly after the HUNLEY's arrival in Charleston on the morning of August 12, 1863, the Confederate military took control of the vessel. A Navy officer who was not involved with the development of the sub led the first HUNLEY crew on an attack mission. Tragedy struck when on August 29th, 1863 the HUNLEY sank, causing five of the eight crew members to lose their lives.
Within 72 hours, plans were in place to raise the HUNLEY. For the sub's second attempt to attack the Union blockade, Horace Hunley convinced the Confederate Navy to recruit a crew from Mobile who
were familiar with the sub's operations. Even their experience proved futile.
Tragedy struck again on October 15, 1863, when the sub sank during a routine diving exercise. All eight men on board, including Hunley, lost their lives.
Though the HUNLEY had now sunk twice, the desperation of the times kept hope alive that she could save Charleston from the strangling Union blockade. At the urging of Lt. George Dixon, the Confederacy approved the submarine to be recovered so that she could again attempt a strike. 
On February 17th, 1864, Dixon commanded a courageous volunteer crew on their final mission. That night, the HUNLEY attacked and successfully sank the USS HOUSATONIC--- a first in maritime history.


We were intrigued by the simple mechanical systems employed: for propulsion, the crew turned a crankshaft which turned a wheel which turned the propeller. Steering was another simple mechanical operation for moving the rudder back and forth in the propeller slip stream. The conning tower had a watertight seal and external snorkels for air intake. Navigation was primitive line-of-sight when on the surface, and using a compass when submerged. Opening a water valve provided ballast for submerging. A simple lever adjusted the dive planes. Bilge pumps were hand operated for removing water leaked into the vessel, and another bellows pump was adapted to remove carbon dioxide from the floor level to the outside.

The armament was simplicity itself. An explosive charge, equipped with a pair of barbs to pierce and hook the vessel under attack, extended well ahead of the sub. The technique was to ram the target below the waterline, release the torpedo, and back away. 

The HUNLEY made her first and only attack against an enemy target on the night of Feb. 17, 1864. The target, the USS HOUSATONIC, a 1,240-long tons, steam powered sloop-of-war with 12 large cannons, was stationed at the entrance to Charleston harbor, about 5 miles offshore.
Desperate to break the naval blockade of the city, Lieutenant George E. Dixon and a crew of seven volunteers successfully attacked the HOUSATONIC, embedding the barbed spar torpedo into her hull. The torpedo was detonated, sending the HOUSATONIC to the bottom in five minutes, along with five of her crewmen.
After the attack, the H.L.HUNLEY failed to return to her base. There is evidence that HUNLEY survived as long as one hour after the attack about 8:45 p.m. The day after the attack, the commander of "Battery Marshall" reported that he had received "the signal" indicating that she was returning to her base. After signaling, Dixon would have taken his submarine underwater to make a return to Sullivan's island. What happened next was unknown. 
One possibility is that the torpedo was not detonated on command, but instead malfunctioned because of damage suffered during the underwater attack. The intention was for the torpedo to be detonated when the HUNLEY had retreated to about 150 feet away. However, witnesses aboard the HOUSATONIC stated that the submarine was no more than 100 feet away when her torpedo exploded.

In 2008, scientists reported they had found that the crew of HUNLEY had not set the pump to remove water from the crew compartment, and this might indicate she was not being flooded. "It now really starts to point to a lack of oxygen making the crew unconscious," the chairman of the South Carolina HUNLEY Commission said. "They may have been cranking and moving, and it was a miscalculation as to how much oxygen they had."
Or, the HUNLEY crew may have been knocked unconscious by the concussion and died without awakening.

Her last crew perished in the attack, but the H.L. HUNLEY earned her place in history by being the first submarine to sink an enemy ship.
(information from talking with the Exhibit curators, browsing their books, and from Wikipedia.)


The biographical story of Lt. Dixon's talisman, a coin given him by a female friend saving his life, was given a strong dose of reality when I was given the opportunity to hold the objects in my own hand. 
History come to life...!

More later,